Electromechanical Response Curves

The curves of electromechanical response are characteristic of the material being measured. All curves may exhibit hysteresis.

Ferroelectric materials exhibit electric displacement (D) and strain (S) curves as a function of electric field (E) as show below;

Electrostrictive materials exhibit electric displacement (D) and strain (S) curves as a function of electric field (E) as show below;

Piezoelectric materials exhibit electric displacement (D) and strain (S) curves as a function of electric field (E) as show below;

Antiferroelectric materials exhibit electric displacement (D) and strain (S) curves as a function of electric field (E) as show below;

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